Managing ADHD in the classroom requires a tight collaboration between the family, the teacher and the school administrators. Many people, including teachers, are not well educated about ADHD and some still have the prejudice that the child is lazy or a discipline problem. The fact is ADHD is a neurological disorder that can make every day tasks that are second nature to those without ADHD/ADD seem like an insurmountable task for those with ADHD.
 
The standard definition of ADHD includes three subtypes:

1. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
2. Predominantly inattentive
3. Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive

The most prominent features of ADHD include:

1. An inability to control behavior or impulses.
2. An inability to delay gratification.
3. Excessive physical activity that is unrelated to the activity at hand.
4. Poor ability to sustain attention or to persist with tasks.
 
Each individual with ADHD is different with their own set of strengths and challenges. However, in addition to the hyperactivity or the inattentiveness, the ADHD child often has challenges in a group of skills called executive functions. According to Wikipedia, executive functions is a “concept used by psychologists and neuroscientists to describe a loosely defined collection of brain processes which are responsible for planning, cognitive flexibility, abstract thinking, rule acquisition, initiating appropriate actions and inhibiting inappropriate actions, and selecting relevant sensory information”.
 
Often with the ADHD child, the impairment is more than them being hyperactive or inattentive. Other possible ramifications or symptoms of the child with ADHD include challenges, limitations or problems with:

1. Organization

10. Great variability in task or work performance.

Bottom line, the disorder is complicated and manifests itself in many ways. In addition to all of this, there is a high incidence of learning issues as well as anxiety and depression for those with ADHD.
 
I believe that it is up to the family to educate the teachers and administers on the wide range of challenges their child faces due to ADHD. Do not assume that they know or understand. Remember that you know your child best. However the ideal situation occurs when the parents, teachers and administrators work together to creatively deploy and teach strategies that address the child’s weaknesses. Strategies like lists, reminders, previews, and repetition help the child with ADHD address the realities of the disorder and teach ways to cope with the challenges of the disorder. That ideal situation cannot occur, however, until teachers and administrators are educated. We all need to do our part to make that happen.
 
 
I close with a Bill of Rights that I found on a blog of a mother who son, 18, was diagnosed with ADHD at age 6. Her name is Angel, she lives in South Africa and shares her story of raising her son (among other topics) at http://www.angelsmind.co.za.

 
 
ADHD Bill of Rights

1.“Help me to focus…” Please teach me through my sense of ‘touch’, I need ‘hands on’ and ‘body movement’.

Author unknown

 

To learn more about the ADHD Executive Functioning Research that has been conducted please see:

Great summary chart of the Executive Function Domains can be found at http://www.lehighpsych.com/art_adhd.htm

Dr. Thomas E Brown
http://www.drthomasebrown.com/brown_model/index.html

Dr. Russell Barkley
http://www.russellbarkley.org/adhd-nature-of-self-control-book.htm

http://www.chrisdendy.com/executive.htm

http://www.thehelpgroup.org/pdf/adhd-dys/Brown_ADHD.pdf